A 30-RESIDUE-LONG EXPORT INITIATION DOMAIN ADJACENT TO THE SIGNAL SEQUENCE IS CRITICAL FOR PROTEIN TRANSLOCATION ACROSS THE INNER MEMBRANE OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI

Signal sequences serve to target proteins to the secretory pathway in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. However, although necessary, the presence of a signal sequence is not always sufficient to ensure efficient membrane translocation. One feature of the nascent chain that adversely affects secretion, at least in Escherichia coli, is the presence of positively charged amino acids immediately downstream of the signal sequence. We have exploited this sensitivity to positively charged residues to demonstrate the presence of a sharply delimited "export initiation domain" that comprises the signal sequence and its almost-equal-to 30 downstream residues. A string of six consecutive lysines completely blocks translocation when placed inside this domain but not when placed only a few residues further away.