DESCRIPTION OF ENTANGLEMENT

We propose a measure of entanglement between two subsystems of arbitrary (but finite) number of levels. This measure is invariant under unitary transformations of the subsystems and varies between 0 (product states) and 1 (maximum entangled states). The case of two two-level systems is worked out explicitly, where the known complementarity between one- and two-particle interference results in a very natural way from a sum rule. Generalizations to more than two subsystems are discussed. Here we show that for three particles there cannot exist a pure slate that is completely characterized by three-particle entanglement alone. For the example of the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state, an experimental setup is proposed, in which its corresponding two-particle entanglement would show up.