ANALYZING AND OPTIMIZING MULTIBODY SYSTEMS

Optimization of holonomic as well as non-holonomic multibody systems is presented as a nonlinear programming problem that can be solved with general-purpose optimization codes. The adjoint variable approach is used for calculating design derivatives of a rather general integral type performance measure with respect to design parameters. The resulting equations are solved by numerical integration backward in time. A multistep integration algorithm with order and step-size control is adapted for this application by including an interpolation scheme. Numerical experiments and a comparison to the common approach of approximating the gradient of the performance measure by finite differences show that high efficiency, accuracy, and reliability are achievable.