SEGREGATION TO BOUNDARIES AND INTERFACES IN SOLIDS

The basic principles of equilibrium (ES) and non-equilibrium segregation (NES) to boundaries and interfaces in solids are reviewed. Various models used to describe the thermodynamics and kinetics of both processes are outlined and an attempt is made to emphasise the relative merits of each of the models. The experimental studies of segregation effects are summarised. This topic requires much greater investment currently because the only techniques capable of measuring the fine scale segregation effects being considered are sophisticated and expensive methods like FEGSTEM, AES, and atom probe FIM. Finally radiation induced segregation (RIS) and high strain rate induced NES are discussed.