The second-order optical nonlinearity in a planar waveguide of proton-exchanged LiNbO3 is directly probed by second-harmonic generation from 532 to 266 nm in a reflection geometry. Compared to untreated LiNbO3, a 30-fold reduction in the optical nonlinearity is observed. Contrary to previous reports, we find that the optical nonlinearity cannot be effectively restored by thermal annealing.