VARIETAL INTERCROPPING AND THE YIELDS AND STABILITY OF COWPEA PRODUCTION IN SEMIARID SENEGAL

被引:23
作者
THIAW, S
HALL, AE
PARKER, DR
机构
[1] UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT BOT & PLANT SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521
[2] UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521
[3] ISRA,CTR NATL RECH AGRON,BAMBEY,SENEGAMBIA
关键词
D O I
10.1016/0378-4290(93)90081-W
中图分类号
S3 [农学(农艺学)];
学科分类号
0901 ;
摘要
Crop productivity is low and variable under rainfed conditions in semiarid zones. This problem is particularly acute in northern Senegal where productivity also is limited by infertile soils. Studies were conducted to determine whether varietal intercrops of cowpea are better adapted to semiarid climates and infertile soils than sole crops of cowpea. The same experiment was conducted over two years in three locations which have contrasting rainfall and soil fertility, and are representative of the major cowpea-production zones of northern Senegal. Two varietal intercrops and six cultivars in sole crops were grown in a randomized complete block split-plot design with four replications. The split plots consisted of a starter fertilizer treatment ( 1 50 kg/ha of 6:9:8, N:P:K) and a control where no fertilizer was applied. The varietal intercrops consisted of alternating rows of a medium-cycle spreading cultivar (58-57) and an early erect cultivar (Bambey 21 or California Blackeye No. 5). The six cultivars grown as sole crops included the three cultivars used in the intercrops, and three others with spreading (N'diambour and Mougne) or semierect (Tvx 3236) growth habits, that are well adapted to northern Senegal. Grain and hay yield responded significantly to fertilizer application at the two drier locations, Thilmakha and Louga, but not at the wetter location, Bambey, which had higher levels of soil nitrogen and phosphorus. There were no genotype x fertilizer interactions. The varietal intercrops produced higher yields of grain and hay than the sole crops at Thilmakha and Louga and had high land equivalency ratios (1.42 for grain and 1.50 for hay), and above average stability. In the wetter and more fertile location (Bambey), the performance of the varietal intercrops was intermediate compared to the sole crops, and the dense canopy made it difficult to harvest the grain of the two cultivars in the intercrops separately. These studies demonstrated that intercrops of early erect and medium-cycle spreading cowpeas can have higher and more stable yields of grain and hay than sole crops, in conditions where drought and infertile soil limit crop production.
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页码:217 / 233
页数:17
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