DETECTION OF EARLY LUNG IMPAIRMENT WITH AEROSOL BOLUS DISPERSION

The broadening of inhaled aerosol boluses (aerosol bolus dispersion) during respiration provides a noninvasive measure of convective gas mixing in the lungs. In this study, the sensitivity and specificity of this technique for the diagnosis of early lung impairment due to cigarette smoking was evaluated. Two hundred and sixteen randomly selected subjects (126 smokers and 90 nonsmokers) were investigated with aerosol dispersion in comparison to conventional lung function tests. The cumulative cigarette consumption of the subjects was quantified by ''pack-years'' (PY). Smokers were classified into the following groups: 0< PY less than or equal to 10; 10< PY less than or equal to 20; 20< PY less than or equal to 30; and PY >30. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)), maximal expiratory flow at 25, 50 and 75% vital capacity (MEF(25), MEF(50) and MEF(75) decreased significantly with increasing cigarette consumption. In comparison to nonsmokers, FEV(1) was significantly reduced in smokers of 10< PY less than or equal to 30, and MEF(75) was significantly reduced in smokers of PY >20. Aerosol bolus dispersion increased with increasing PY. For all groups of smokers, even those with PY <10, bolus dispersion was significantly increased in comparison to lifelong nonsmokers, indicating alterations in convective gas mixing in the lungs. Calculation of receiver operating characteristics for the lung function parameters under consideration showed that bolus dispersion has a higher sensitivity and specificity than conventional lung function parameters. Hence, the aerosol bolus dispersion test could be a promising epidemiological tool to study early abnormalities in intrapulmonary gas mixing due to environmental factors.