SEASONAL-CHANGES OF INGESTA MEAN RETENTION TIME AND FORESTOMACH FLUID VOLUME IN INDIGENOUS CAMELS, CATTLE, SHEEP AND GOATS GRAZING A THORNBUSH SAVANNAH PASTURE IN KENYA

The study was carried out in northern Kenya in 1984-87. Forestomach volumes and digesta retention times were measured using Cr-EDTA or Co-EDTA as fluid markers and Ce-labelled particles or Cr-mordanted particles as particulate phase markers. Mean retention times of fluid and of particles were longer in the dry season than in the green season in all four animal species. The increase of particle mean retention time, as a percentage of the values in the green season, was highest in sheep (46%), followed by cattle (27%), goats (22%) and camels (18%). Forestomach volumes were also greater in the dry than in the green season; the increase was again highest in sheep (55%), followed by cattle (31%), goats (29%) and camels (28%). Outflow rates of fluid from the forestomach and the selectivity factor, by which small particles were retained longer in the forestomach than fluid, did not differ significantly between the seasons. It is suggested that the increase of forestomach volumes is an effective adaptation to dry-season pasture conditions. It enables the animals to retain feed particles longer in the forestomach and so improve fibre digestion when feed quality is low. Cattle and sheep, which depend on a poor quality diet, improve fibre digestion in this way in the dry season more effectively than camels and goats. Camels and goats, on the other hand, were able to select a diet of such quality, even in the dry season, that their need to augment fibre digestion was reduced.