EFFECTS OF DEPTH-DEPENDENT THERMAL EXPANSIVITY ON MANTLE CIRCULATIONS AND LATERAL THERMAL ANOMALIES

The influences of depth-dependent thermal expansivity on the structure of Newtonian thermal convection and lateral thermal anomalies are studied. In an aspect-ratio ten box the effects of the depth-dependent expansivity are to produce large aspect-ratio cells with a few relatively stationary upwellings. The lateral thermal anomalies in the lower mantle are greatly diminished by depth-dependent expansivity. This together with a decrease in the temperature derivative of seismic velocities in the lower mantle would support the low level of lateral heterogeneities found in recent tomographic studies.