EFFECT OF HIGH 2,4-D CONCENTRATIONS ON DEGRADATION AND CARBON-DIOXIDE EVOLUTION IN SOILS

被引:48
作者
OU, LT
ROTHWELL, DF
WHEELER, WB
DAVIDSON, JM
机构
关键词
D O I
10.2134/jeq1978.00472425000700020018x
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the degradation of high concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and CO2 evolution in 3 soils. Two forms of 2,4-D, technical grade and formulated, were added to each soil at rates of 50, 500, 5,000 and 20,000 μg/g of soil (ppm). Degradation of the 2,4-D was measured by 14CO2 evolution resulting from the oxidation of uniformly ring-labeled carbon. At an application rate of 500 ppm, all 3 soils degraded 2,4-D. At 5,000 and 20,000 ppm, degradation occurred in the Webster silty clay loam and Terra Ceia organic soil, but not in the Cecil sandy loam during 80 days of incubation. The degradation rate was generally higher for the formulated 2,4-D than the technical grade material. For the higher 2,4-D concentrations, 5,000 or 20,000 ppm, when extensive degradation occurred, total CO2 evolution was also greatly stimulated, and the pattern of total CO2 evolution rate exhibited a 2-peak response. Carbon dioxide-carbon (CO2-C) from the first peak appeared to be mainly from the formulation materials or from the impurities and CO2-C from the second peak was mainly from 2,4-D-C.; A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the degradation of high concentrations of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and CO//2 evolution in three soils. Two forms of 2,4-D, technical grade and formulated, were added to each soil at rates of 50, 500, 5,000 and 20,000 mu g/g of soil (ppm). Degradation of the 2,4-D was measured by **1**4CO//2 evolution resulting from the oxidation of uniformly ring-labeled carbon. At an application rate of 500 ppm, all three soils degraded 2,4-D. At 5,000 and 20,000 ppm, degradation occurred in the Webster silty clay loam and Terra Ceia organic soil, but not in the Cecil sandy loam during 80 days of incubation. The degradation rate was generally higher for the formulated 2,4-D than the technical grade material. For the higher 2,4-D concentrations, 5,000 or 20,000 ppm, when extensive degradation occurred, total CO//2 evolution was also greatly stimulated, and the pattern of total CO//2 evolution rate exhibited a two-peak response.
引用
收藏
页码:241 / 246
页数:6
相关论文
共 13 条
  • [1] Alexander M, 1974, Adv Appl Microbiol, V18, P1, DOI 10.1016/S0065-2164(08)70569-0
  • [2] DEGRADATION OF DICAMBA, PICLORAM, AND 4 PHENOXY HERBICIDES IN SOILS
    ALTOM, JD
    STRITZKE, JF
    [J]. WEED SCIENCE, 1973, 21 (06) : 556 - 560
  • [3] CLAY DV, 1973, WEED RES, V13, P42, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3180.1973.tb01244.x
  • [4] FOSTER R K, 1973, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, V5, P333, DOI 10.1016/0038-0717(73)90081-3
  • [5] SPECIFIC MICROBIAL RESPONSES TO HERBICIDES
    GROSSBARD, E
    DAVIES, HA
    [J]. WEED RESEARCH, 1976, 16 (03) : 163 - +
  • [6] KEARNEY PC, 1972, DEGRADATION SYNTHETI, P166
  • [7] Loos M. A., 1969, DEGRADATION HERBICID, P1
  • [8] LOOS MA, 1975, HERBICIDES CHEMISTRY, V1, P1
  • [9] NORRIS LA, 1966, J FOREST, V64, P475
  • [10] IMPROVED TECHNIQUE FOR ACCURATE AND CONVENIENT ASSAY OF BIOLOGICAL REACTIONS LIBERATING C-14-0-2
    SISSONS, CH
    [J]. ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY, 1976, 70 (02) : 454 - 462