THE POTENT IGG4-INDUCING ANTIGEN IN BANANA IS A MANNOSE-BINDING LECTIN, BANLEC-I

IgG4 antibodies to banana were found to occur far more frequently than expected. The most important antigen involved proved to be a lectin, BanLec-I. Because of the lectin nature of the antigen, it was important to establish the antibody nature of the lectin-IgG4 interaction and to exclude an interaction between the sugar-binding site of the lectin and glycosidic chains on IgG4. Three arguments in support of immune binding are: (1) the binding of BanLec-I to IgG4 is mannoside resistant, whereas the binding to all other glycoproteins tested is mannoside inhibitable; (2) only a minor fraction of the IgG4 in serum and none of five IgG4 myelomas tested was bound, and (3) the lectin binds to the Fab fragment of the IgG4 molecule. A curious finding was that in the presence of high-molecular-weight glycoproteins the interaction between IgG4 and BanLec-I was enhanced by alpha-methyl mannoside. The probable explanation of this phenomenon is that complexes of the lectin with high-molecular-weight glycoproteins by sterical interference inhibit the interaction with human IgG4 antibodies (or with rabbit antibodies to the lectin). This inhibition is prevented in the presence of alpha-methyl mannoside. These results support the earlier suggestion that some lectins are particularly prone to induce an immune response upon oral feeding. This banana lectin might be a potentially useful carrier protein for oral antihapten immunization in humans.