EXTRACTING AND USING PROCEDURAL KNOWLEDGE IN A CAD TASK

被引:33
作者
LANG, GT
EBERTS, RE
GABEL, MG
BARASH, MM
机构
[1] PURDUE UNIV,SCH IND ENGN,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907
[2] PURDUE UNIV,SCH TECHNOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
D O I
10.1109/17.83758
中图分类号
F [经济];
学科分类号
02 ;
摘要
For many skilled tasks, such as computer-aided design (CAD), the task knowledge of the operator is often considered to be of two types: declarative and procedural. For a CAD task, the declarative knowledge is the commands used by the operator and the procedural knowledge is the strategies or goal structures used to perform the task. In training CAD operators, either through the use of manuals or coursework, most of the emphasis is on teaching the declarative knowledge with little emphasis on the procedural knowledge. One of the reasons this occurs is because little is known about the procedures, strategies, or goal structures used by CAD operators due to the difficulty of extracting this information from the operators. The purpose of the following experimentation is to determine the declarative and procedural knowledge, or cognitive strategies, used by expert and novice CAD operators on a 3-D design task in order to understand how training and management of CAD operators could affect this knowledge. Results from the first experiment indicated that the declarative knowledge needed for the CAD task was about equal for all novices and experts. A second experiment analyzed the cognitive goal structures, or the procedural knowledge, for two novices, a design expert (expert on other CAD systems), and a system expert (expert on the specific CAD system tested). Results indicated that novices were variable in performance not because of differences in declarative knowledge (on which they were trained) but because of differences in procedural knowledge (on which no training was given). The design expert could transfer procedural knowledge from other systems to the CAD system tested. The system expert could perform fast, because of the highly developed declarative knowledge, without thinking about the strategies. This research indicates the need for attention by managers of CAD systems to procedural knowledge training for system experts and novice CAD operators; declarative knowledge training can be emphasized for design experts.
引用
收藏
页码:257 / 268
页数:12
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