VERTICAL TRANSPORT RATES IN THE STRATOSPHERE IN 1993 FROM OBSERVATIONS OF CO2, N2O AND CH4

Measurements of CO2, N2O and CH4 are analyzed to define hemispheric average vertical exchange rates in the lower stratosphere from November 1992 to October 1993. Effective vertical diffusion coefficients were small in summer, less-than-or-equal-to 1 m2s-1 at altitudes below 25 km; values were similar near the tropopause in winter, but increased markedly with altitude. The analysis suggests possibly longer residence times for exhaust from stratospheric aircraft, and more efficient transport from 20 km to the middle stratosphere, than predicted by many current models. Seasonally-resolved measurements of stratopheric CO2 and N2O provide significant new constraints on rates for global-scale vertical transport.