SEX-DIFFERENCES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT FROM INFANCY TO 8 YEARS

被引:101
作者
PRIOR, M
SMART, D
SANSON, A
OBERKLAID, F
机构
[1] LA TROBE UNIV, AUSTRALIAN TEMPERAMENT PROJECT, BUNDOORA, VIC 3083, AUSTRALIA
[2] UNIV MELBOURNE, DEPT PSYCHOL, PARKVILLE, VIC 3052, AUSTRALIA
[3] ROYAL CHILDRENS HOSP, PARKVILLE, VIC 3052, AUSTRALIA
基金
英国医学研究理事会;
关键词
SEX DIFFERENCES IN PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT;
D O I
10.1097/00004583-199303000-00009
中图分类号
B844 [发展心理学(人类心理学)];
学科分类号
040202 ;
摘要
The objective of this study was to explore sex differences in development from infancy to 8 years of age in a community sample. Measures of biological, social, interactive, and parental functioning as well as teacher reports were obtained. There were minimal differences in infancy, but major psychosocial differences emerged with increasing age. In the biological sphere boys were disadvantaged only in ratings of language and motor skills at 3 to 4 years old. They showed greater temperamental ''difficulty'' and low persistence factor scores from 5 years onward. Boys were significantly more likely to have problems with adaptive behavior and social competence and to show behavior problems of the hyperactive and aggressive type, as rated by mothers. Parent and family functioning measures did not differentiate between the sexes. Teachers rated boys as having more problems in academic and behavioral domains the first 3 years of school. Path analyses combining data sets gathered when the children were 3 to 8 yews old demonstrated the differential courses of development for boys and girls although temperamental flexibility was the best predictor of behavioral adjustment for both sexes. A social learning explanation of the increased incidence of problems among males is supported, although biological influences are not ruled out.
引用
收藏
页码:291 / 304
页数:14
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