Induced triploidy in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): a comparison of two methods

Cold shocks and hydrostatic pressure shocks, respectively, were applied for the induction of both triploidy and tetraploidy in the common carp. Cold shocks of 0-2 degrees C, lasting 40 minutes and starting 2-5 minutes after the activation of gametes and hydrostatic pressure shocks with 1-3-5 minute exposures at 49.03-56.88 MPa (i.e. 7 116-8 225 psi pounds per square inch), starting 5 minutes after the activation of gametes gave the best results. The tetraploidy induction by cold shocks or hydrostatic pressure shocks resulted either in negligible (1.54%), or in zero yields, respectively. The applicability of particular types of ploidy manipulation and the standardization of shock initiation were discussed.