THE STATE, POPULAR PARTICIPATION, AND THE VOLUNTARY SECTOR

A key determinant in the development contribution of nongovernment organizations (NGOs) is the relationship between NGOs and the state. NGOs may run parallel activities; they may play oppositional roles; or they may represent weaker members of society, organizing them to become more influential in decision making and resource allocation. This ''civil society'' function entails moving from a ''supply side'' approach, concentrating on project delivery, to a ''demand side'' emphasis, helping communities articulate their concerns and participate in development processes. Donors can use the policy dialogue to encourage governments to foster a more enabling environment for NGO activities.