CONTINUOUS PRECIPITATION TECHNIQUES IN FLOW-INJECTION ANALYSIS - A REVIEW

Continuous precipitation/filtration techniques with/without subsequent precipitate dissolution, and turdidimetry are presented as powerful tools for the separation and/or preconcentration of various classes of analytes from aquatic matrices. Applicability of the techniques is demonstrated by the determinations of inorganic anions (halides, sulfate, carbonate etc.), metal ions (iron, calcium, silver, etc.), organic substances etc. Different configurations of FIA manifolds for a direct and an indirect determination, designs of principal instrumental units and unique detection systems are outlined. Principles of direct and indirect detection techniques utilising flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS), UV-VIS spectrophotometry and ion-selective electrodes (ISE) are described.