DAIRY MANURE INFLUENCE ON SOIL AND SEDIMENT COMPOSITION - IMPLICATIONS FOR PHOSPHORUS RETENTION

被引:43
作者
HARRIS, WG
WANG, HD
REDDY, KR
机构
[1] Soil and Water Science Dep., Institute of Food and Agric. Science, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
关键词
D O I
10.2134/jeq1994.00472425002300050032x
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Manure-derived P can jeopardize surface water quality in regions dominated by sandy soils, due to low P retention capacity of these soils. Surface (Ap) horizons from dairy-intensive areas in the Lake Okeechobee Basin were recently found to release P readily, despite abundant Ca and high pH. The purpose of this study was to determine the inorganic components that influence or reflect the stability of P in these horizons and in a related stream sediment that released much less P than soil material, despite comparable total P. Coarse fragments (>2 mm), sand, silt, and clay were separated by sieving and centrifugation. Whole soil material and coarse fragments were examined using a dissecting microscope. Crystalline and noncrystalline components were identified using a combination of optical microscopy, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray analysis, electron microprobe analysis, thermogravimetry, density separation, and selective dissolution techniques. The >2-mum fraction of Ap horizons was dominated by quartz, but appreciable biogenic opal was present in the silt. Clay from these horizons was mainly noncrystalline Si (opal A), which persisted after Ca and P were removed via selective dissolution. The clay-fraction Si had high CEC, abundant adsorbed water, amorphous morphology, and low affinity for P. It was probably a degradation product of opaline forage phytoliths, since dried manure contained Si bodies similar in morphology to those found in silt and clay. Lack of Ca-P minerals suggests that manure components (i.e., organic acids, Mg, Si, etc.) inhibited crystallization of stable Ca-P, thereby maintaining high P solubility. The stream sediment contained a calcium phosphate mineral resembling poorly crystalline apatite, and a ferrous phosphate mineral (vivianite). The flux of P from dairy to aquatic systems in regions of dominantly sandy soils could be markedly reduced if the barrier to the crystallization of Ca-P could be eliminated.
引用
收藏
页码:1071 / 1081
页数:11
相关论文
共 63 条
[1]  
ALLEN LH, 1988, SOIL CROP SCI SOC FL, V47, P108
[2]  
ALLEN LH, 1982, 1982 P SPEC C ENV SO
[4]   TRANSFORMATION OF DIBASIC CALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE AND OCTACALCIUM PHOSPHATE IN SLIGHTLY ACID AND ALKALINE SOILS [J].
BELL, LC ;
BLACK, CA .
SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA PROCEEDINGS, 1970, 34 (04) :583-&
[5]   CRYSTALLINE PHOSPHATES PRODUCED BY INTERACTION OF ORTHOPHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS WITH SLIGHTLY ACID AND ALKALINE SOILS [J].
BELL, LC ;
BLACK, CA .
SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA PROCEEDINGS, 1970, 34 (05) :735-&
[6]  
BLANCHARD FN, 1980, Q J FLA ACAD SCI, V43, P257
[8]  
BURGOA B, 1991, SOIL CROP SCI SOC FL, V50, P137
[9]  
BURGOA B, 1989, THESIS U FLORIDA GAI
[10]  
BURGOA B, 1984, THESIS U FLORIDA GAI