NEUROTRANSMITTERS AS NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS - A NEW SET OF FUNCTIONS

被引:89
作者
SCHWARTZ, JP
机构
[1] Unit on Growth Factors, Clinical Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
关键词
D O I
10.1016/S0074-7742(08)60096-3
中图分类号
R-3 [医学研究方法]; R3 [基础医学];
学科分类号
1001 ;
摘要
The classic neurotrophic factors, which include soluble factors such as nerve growth factor and adhesion components such as laminin, have been defined as (1) factors that prevent natural cell death and/or support neuron survival, (2) factors that induce neurite outgrowth, and (3) factors that induce a differentiated neuronal phenotype. The effects of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides on (1) cell division, (2) cell survival, (3) neurite sprouting and growth cone motility, and (4) a differentiated phenotype are discussed. The actions of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides are considered in terms of a broad spectrum of actions that range from the trophic actions described, to the classic transmitter actions, to potential roles in neurotoxicity. This spectrum probably reflects components related to the developmental age of the animal as well as components related to imbalances in the concentrations of specific agents. Glutamate appears necessary for cerebellar granule cell survival and can regulate hippocampal pyramidal cell neurite outgrowth developmentally, is clearly active as a neurotransmitter in the adult brain, and is equally clearly toxic if its concentration rises too high, particularly in the hippocampus. © 1992, Academic Press Inc.
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页码:1 / 23
页数:23
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