TASTE-AVERSIONS TO MOTHERS MILK - AGE-RELATED ROLE OF NURSING IN ACQUISITION AND EXPRESSION OF A LEARNED ASSOCIATION

Seven experiments examined the development of taste aversion learning to novel cues contained in mother's milk in 176 laboratory and 377 Sprague-Dawley pups. Ss receiving distinctive milk by experimenter-delivered oral infusions followed by toxicosis formed an aversion to the dam's diet. Robust aversions were learned as early as Day 10 and were retained for at least 11 days. When the same distinctive milk was obtained directly from a foster mother through nursing, only weanling-age Ss formed an aversion. X-ray analysis of nipple location in the mouths of suckling Ss suggested that they receive milk at a similar tongue locus between the ages of 10 and 21 days; flavored milk was then delivered at specific time intervals in controlled quantities through tongue cannulas implanted at loci corresponding to the nipple position. Cannulated preweanling Ss that were attached to a nipple during mild delivery failed to associate the taste cue with illness, whereas both preweanlings off the nipple and weanlings on the nipple acquired aversions to the taste cue in the milk. Results suggest that pups of all ages are incapable of expressing a taste aversion in a nursing situation and that preweanling pups in particular are also deficient in acquiring aversions within a suckling context. The inability of preweanling pups to acquire taste aversions in a nursing situation appears to result from a failure to associate taste cues with illness rather than a failure to detect taste cues obtained from a nipple. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1979 American Psychological Association.