EFFECT OF AMMONIA ON SURVIVAL AND OSMOREGULATION IN DIFFERENT LIFE STAGES OF THE LOBSTER HOMARUS-AMERICANUS

被引:122
作者
YOUNGLAI, WW [1 ]
CHARMANTIERDAURES, M [1 ]
CHARMANTIER, G [1 ]
机构
[1] UNIV MONTPELLIER 2,ECOPHYSIOL INVERTEBRES LAB,F-34095 MONTPELLIER 5,FRANCE
关键词
D O I
10.1007/BF01313716
中图分类号
Q17 [水生生物学];
学科分类号
071004 ;
摘要
Acute toxicity of ammonia was determined for cultured larval, postlarval, and wild adult lobsters (Homarus americanus) in 1988. Ammonia tolerance was found to increase with ontogenetic development. Based on 96-h LC50 values of 58 mg l-1 NH4+ + NH3 l-1 seawater (0.72 mg NH3 l-1) for Stage I larvae, 87 mg NH4+ + NH3 l-1 (1.7 mg NH3 l-1) for Stage II larvae, 125 mg NH4+ + NH3 l-1 (2.13 mg NH3) for Stage III larvae, 144 mg NH4+ + NH3 l-1 (2.36 mg NH3 l-1) for Stage IV postlarvae, 377 mg NH4+ + NH3 l-1 (5.12 mg NH3 l-1) for adult lobsters at 5-degrees-C and 219 mg NH4+ + NH3 l-1 (3.25 mg NH3 l-1) for adult lobsters at 20-degrees-C, recommendations for "safe" levels of total ammonia and un-ionized ammonia were calculated using an application factor of 0.1. Effects of ammonia on osmoregulatory capacity were studied on postlarvae and adults. Ability of postlarvae and adults to hyper-regulate in low-salinity media decreased after exposure to ammonia. In postlarval lobsters, osmoregulatory capacity was significantly affected in ammonia concentrations exceeding 32 mg l-1. Osmoregulatory capacity in adult lobsters (5 and 20-degrees-C) was affected at 150 mg l-1. In postlarval lobsters, a minimum exposure time of 12 h was required to impair osmoregulatory capacity. The decrease in hemolymph osmotic pressure was caused by lower hemolymph sodium concentrations. The presence of ammonia in the external medium could markedly affect the Na+/NH4+ transport mechanism by permanently, temporarily, or partially impairing the transport sites for sodium.
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页码:293 / 300
页数:8
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