The radionuclide, CAT and angiographic features of a case of herpes simplex encephalitis are present. A dramatic change in the abnormal perfusion and static concentration of tracer activity resulted following chemotherapy with Adenine arabinoside. The improvement seen on the dynamic and static scintiscans correlates closely with the patient's clinical course and CAT findings. The radionuclide perfusion study is of particular importance in documenting the diminished activity of the inflammatory process following therapy.