INSITU FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS USING NANOSECOND DECAY TIME IMAGING

Technological advances over recent years have resulted in increasing use of array detectors such as CCD cameras for spectroscopic measurements. In this article we discuss means to apply imaging detectors to fluorescence analysis with nanosecond time resolution. Two approaches are presented, both of which use frequency domain measurements with a modulated excitation source. The use of an imaging single photon detector is most appropriate for fast time resolved spectroscopy, while an intensified CCD based system is best suited to fluorescence microscopy.