DETACHMENT OF PART OF THE DOWNGOING SLAB AND UPLIFT OF THE NEW HEBRIDES (VANUATU) ISLANDS

Several seismological observations suggest that there is a gap within the downgoing slab of Australian lithosphere plunging beneath the New Hebrides, and ages of elevated coral terraces on the New Hebrides Islands suggest that the islands are rising rapidly. We suggest that the creation of the gap in the slab, within the last 1 M.y., occurred by part of the slab detaching from the rest and sinking rapidly into the underlying asthenosphere. This lowered the downward force on the slab at shallower depths and therefore on the overriding plate, and the continued decrease of this force, as the deeper slab sinks freely, has allowed the islands above it to rise. Although this suggestion cannot account for all aspects of the uplift of the islands, it provides a simple mechanism for explaining the fairly young uplift and its distribution along the New Hebrides arc.