COPYRIGHT LAW AND ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY - RIGHTS OF AUTHORS AND COPYRIGHT OWNERS AND REPRODUCTION OF INFORMATION

Desktop computer hardware and software provide many new and accessible avenues for increased academic productivity [1], but some activities may have legal implications. The advent of technologies such as scanners, the ever-increasing number of electronic bulletin boards, and the development of the ''information superhighway'' affect the concept of copyright and require authors and publishers to reconsider their legal rights and obligations when they create or publish new works or modify existing ones, For example, with desktop scanners, almost any image, published or otherwise, can be copied, enhanced, and manipulated [2]. Moreover, many radiologists have access to copyrighted digital radiologic teaching file images, such as those from the University of Iowa or the University of Washington, which are available (and ''downloadable'') on the Internet [3]. Because ''downloading'' (or ''uploading'') a document or image is essentially making a copy of that document or image, copyright laws and the rights that they afford authors are involved.