The effect of FUDR on DNA and RNA synthesis was studied in the synchronous surface cultures of Physarum polycephalum. It was found that FUDR in conjunction with a proper concentration of uridine does not affect RNA synthesis during the G2 period. When the same concentration of FUDR and uridine was used during the S-period the synthesis of RNA was immediately reduced. These results suggest that at least part of the newly synthesized DNA becomes immediately functional in the synthesis of RNA. It was possible to differentiate in our system the direct and the indirect effect of FUDR on RNA synthesis. © 1969.