LANDSCAPE-SCALE CHANGES IN INDICATORS OF SOIL QUALITY DUE TO CULTIVATION IN SASKATCHEWAN, CANADA

Quantitative assessments of the impact of agricultural practises on soil quality have been hindered by the lack of basic spatial units for designing landscape-scale research projects. This paper builds on the relationship which has been demonstrated to exist between small (5 m by 5 m) slope segments and soil distribution in order to define larger landform element complexes in till landscapes of southern Saskatchewan, Canada. Distinctive pedogenic regimes are associated with these complexes. These complexes were then used to stratify the landscape at four conterminous sites with different cultivation histories and to assess changes in indicators of soil quality. Soil redistribution (as assessed by Cs-137 redistribution) has had a major impact on these landscapes. The shoulder and level summit complexes have experienced continued high rates of soil loss. The shoulder complexes have lost 55% of their original soil organic carbon (a loss of 64 mg ha(-1)) over 80 years and 70% of this loss is attributable to net soil export from these positions. The portions of the footslope complexes dominated by Orthic Black Chernozemic soils initially act as sediment deposition sites in the first 22 years of cultivation, but ultimately this soil is removed from these positions and a moderate decline in soil quality occurs. The Gleysolic-dominated portions of the footslopes and the level depressional complexes occupy 15% of the landscape and are the major long-term sediment depositional sites; the biochemical indicators of soil quality (soil organic carbon and total soil nitrogen) show a major and beneficial increase in these positions.