HOMONYMOUS HEMIANOPIA

Anatomical principles of the suprachiasmatic pathway. The neuro-ophthalmological examination of patients with homonymous hemianopia: qualitative rough perimetry (confrontation tests, Amsler screen, quantitative perimetry (campimetry on the Bjerrum screen, kinetic perimetry, static perimetry, automatic computer controlled perimetry, perimetry with colours, flicker-fusion-frequency perimetry), oculomotor disorders (gaze strategies, optokinetic nystagmus), pupillary disturbances, agnosia for the hemianopia, visual hemineglect, Riddoch phenomenon (statokinetic dissociation), dyslexia, alexia, hemiachromatopsia. Synopsis of different forms of hemianopia: unilateral, total or quadrant, bilateral, temporal half moon preserved or not, homonymous scotomas, horizontal (altitudinal) hemianopias. Pathogenetic analysis: cerebral infarctions, cerebral tumours, migraine, cerebrocranial traumas, neurosurgical interventions, inflammatory conditions, congenital or perinatal brain damages. Spontaneous regression and recovery of homonymous hemianopia. Therapy and rehabilitation (moving and reading exercises, optic devices like mirrors or prisms).