SOLAR-ENERGY STORAGE USING CHEMICAL-POTENTIAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH DRYING OF ZEOLITES

Compact solar storage systems depend upon identification of systems which can store energy as chemical potential. Simple, noncorrosive, systems that operate at reasonably low temperatures are rare. The use of the heat of adsorption of moisture on zeolite molecular sieves is discussed here. The advantages of zeolites are high heats of adsorption (as much as 80 kJ mol-1), large maximum adsorption capacity (0.2-0.3 kg H2O/kg adsorbent) and easy control of the store following from control of heat output by regulations of flows of moist air. The disadvantages are the relatively high upper temperature required to utilize maximal storage capacities (up to 250°C) and cost. There is reason to project falling cost. Zeolite storage is compared favourably with respect to capacity to water, stone, and heat of phase change systems. Compared to salt hydrates, acid solution, and salt solutions any capacity advantage is supplemented by low corrosion and opportunity for long term storage. Zeolites are compared favourably to alternative absorbent materials; alumina, charcoal, and silica gel. The warm dry air output from a zeolite storage bed can be utilized not only in space heating but also in the drying of agricultural timber and fish products. © 1979.