POLYAMINE DEFICIENCY CAUSES REORGANIZATION OF F-ACTIN AND TROPOMYOSIN IN IEC-6 CELLS

In earlier work we have shown that polyamine-deficient IEC-6 cells lose most of their ability to migrate. In this report we describe the effect of polyamine deficiency on the cytoskeleton of migrating IEC-6 cells. Cells were grown on cover slips for 4 days. One-third of the monolayer was removed, and the remainder was incubated for 6 h. The monolayers were fixed and stained with rhodamine phalloidin for actin filaments and by immunocytochemistry for tropomyosin. In control cells, actin filaments were found as stress fibers traversing the cell, in a thin actin cortex often visible on only one edge of the cell, and in fine fibers extending into the lamellipodia. Tropomyosin was found in the same distribution. A Western blot showed that tropomyosin was present as 35- and 37-kDa isoforms. In polyamine deficient cells, actin stress fibers were less dense, whereas the actin cortex was greatly increased in density and lamellipodia were less extensive. Tropomyosin distribution was similar and included a 30-kDa isoform not seen previously. In spite of the obvious changes in the distribution of these cytoskeletal proteins, the concentrations of filamentous actin, beta-actin mRNA, and the higher molecular weight tropomyosin isoforms did not change. In all cases the addition of putrescine to polyamine-deficient cells prevented the changes described. We conclude that polyamines are essential for migration in this system because of their effects on the organization of cytoskeletal actin, tropomyosin, and perhaps other proteins as well.