A clinical study was undertaken, in twenty-four patients with atrophic vaginal changes, to assess the efficacy and the acceptability of treatment with Ortho-Gynest vaginal suppositories, which have as their active constituent the naturally occurring substance oestriol. A regenerative effect on the vaginal epithelium could be objectively demonstrated by an increase in the proportion of superficial cells following treatment. Changes in the vaginal epithelium were accompanied by a diminution in the incidence of infection and inflammation. Subjective complaints such as dyspareunia, pruritis and kraurosis vulvae, which could also be ascribed to a relative oestrogen deficiency, responded well to treatment. © 1979, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved.