RISK AND HAZARD OF SPRUCE BEETLE ATTACK IN UNMANAGED STANDS ON THE KENAI PENINSULA, ALASKA, UNDER EPIDEMIC CONDITIONS

被引:13
作者
REYNOLDS, KM
HARD, JS
机构
[1] Institute of Northern Forestry, Pacific Northwest Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture, Fairbanks
关键词
D O I
10.1016/0378-1127(91)90081-6
中图分类号
S7 [林业];
学科分类号
0829 ; 0907 ;
摘要
Forest community type was the most important variable determining risk of a spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis Kby) outbreak. Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) communities exhibited low to moderate risk overall, but stands in these communities with deep accumulations of fibrous organic matter on the soil surface (more than 7.5 cm) were at significantly greater risk than stands with shallower accumulation of fibrous organic matter. Differences in risk between black spruce communities with shallow and deep fibrous organic layers were not paralleled by differences in hazard as measured by either affected stems or basal area. Low-elevation mixed spruce-paper birch (Picea Betula Papyrifera Marsh.) communities, in which the principal spruce species were white )Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and/or Lutz spruce (Picea x lutzii Little), exhibited the greatest overall risk of spruce beetle outbreak, and the greatest hazard was associated with these communities. Within this group, stands with open canopies had a significantly greater incidence of outbreaks than stands with closed canopies, but open- and closed-canopy stands did not differ with respect to hazard. The group of forest communities with the lowest overall risk of spruce beetle outbreak consisted of a diverse mixture of communities. Communities in which white and/or Lutz spruce were the principal overstory species also occurred in this group. Within the group, increasing elevation was associated with increasing risk and hazard. In low-elevation stands (less than 150 m), a further division between low- and high-risk stands could be made on the basis of forest community. In stands of intermediate elevation (150-300 m), depth of the fibrous organic layer exceeding 5 cm was associated with increased risk.
引用
收藏
页码:137 / 151
页数:15
相关论文
共 20 条
[1]  
[Anonymous], 1979, TWINSPAN A FORTRAN P
[2]  
Gauch Jr H.G., 1982, MULTIVARIATE ANAL CO
[3]   CAMBIAL ACTIVITY IN ALASKAN WHITE SPRUCE [J].
GREGORY, RA .
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY, 1971, 58 (02) :160-&
[4]  
HAMILTON DA, 1975, USDA INT22 FOR SERV
[5]   SUSCEPTIBILITY OF WHITE SPRUCE TO ATTACK BY SPRUCE BEETLES DURING THE EARLY YEARS OF AN OUTBREAK IN ALASKA [J].
HARD, JS ;
WERNER, RA ;
HOLSTEN, EH .
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE, 1983, 13 (04) :678-683
[6]   VULNERABILITY OF WHITE SPRUCE WITH SLOWLY EXPANDING LOWER BOLES ON DRY, COLD SITES TO EARLY SEASONAL ATTACK BY SPRUCE BEETLES IN SOUTH CENTRAL ALASKA [J].
HARD, JS .
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE, 1987, 17 (05) :428-435
[7]  
HARD JS, 1991, IN PRESS FOR ECOL MA
[8]  
HARD JS, 1985, USDA PNW188 FOR SERV
[9]  
HICKS RR, 1987, J FOREST, V85, P20
[10]   RECIPROCAL AVERAGING - EIGENVECTOR METHOD OF ORDINATION [J].
HILL, MO .
JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY, 1973, 61 (01) :237-244