The role and prognostic value of apoptosis in colorectal carcinoma

Background: Alterations to apoptosis are a common occurrence in human tumours. The aim of our study was to determine the influence of apoptotic variations on the carcinogenesis and prognosis of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs). Methods: A TUNEL assay was performed on archival material from 103 colorectal carcinomas, 26 adenomas and 20 samples of normal epithelia. Results: The number of apoptotic cells was higher in CRCs (1.09 +/- 0.13) than in adenomas (0.38 +/- 0.23, p = 0.059) and normal epithelium (0.06 +/- 0.04, p = 0.001). In addition, the apoptotic index (AI) was greater in metastatic disease (stage IV) than in other stages (p = 0.017). No relationship was found between apoptotic rates and age, gender or tumour grade. However, patients with tumours that showed higher AI values had a significantly lower disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) than those with tumours that had lower AIs (p = 0.020 and p = 0.027). In a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, AI remained a significant independent predictor of survival. Conclusions: We conclude that disregulated apoptosis is an important event during CRC development and progression. Higher AIs are associated with more aggressive tumours and a poorer prognosis for patients with CRC.