Describes a large-scale early intervention program conducted in an inner city based on a social competence conceptualization. The key elements of the school-based program and an evaluation study are presented. The program focuses on children's competencies and problems in assessment, intervention, and evaluation. Ratings by teachers indicated that interventions improved competencies, but not problems, compared to controls. Further evaluations and more intensely behavioral interventions are warranted. (7 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1979 American Psychological Association.