APPLICATION OF INDEPENDENT METHODS AND STANDARD MATERIALS - EFFECTIVE APPROACH TO RELIABLE TRACE AND ULTRATRACE ANALYSIS OF METALS AND METALLOIDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOLOGICAL MATRICES

Reliable trace analysis is only possible, if during methodological development independent analytical procedures or working standards and Standard Reference Materials are applied. Since at present only a few appropriate Standard Reference Materials are available, the existing gap has to be filled with e.g. working standards. Besides the application of independent methods, also as laboratory intercomparisons, for the determination of Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni and Hg in natural waters, sea water, urine, whole blood, marine organisms and wine, the current use of the NBS Standard Reference Materials Bovine Liver and Orchard Leaves is described. Further data are given of long term storage studies with blood samples and results of trace metal determinations in two working standards, fish muscle homogenate and algae, and in tentative future Standard Reference Materials (dried whole blood, blood plasma, phytoplankton, human hair, two aquatic and a terrestrial plant material). © 1979 Springer-Verlag.