LAND-USE AND SUMMER BIRD POPULATIONS IN NORTHWESTERN GALICIA, SPAIN

被引:14
作者
BONGIORNO, SF
机构
关键词
D O I
10.1111/j.1474-919X.1982.tb03736.x
中图分类号
Q95 [动物学];
学科分类号
071002 ;
摘要
Summer bird populations were studied in 10 sites: 2 heathlands, 2 maritime pine Pinus pinaster plantations, 1, 4, 7 and 13 yr old eucalypt Eucalyptus globulus plantations, 1 climax oak Quercus robur woodland and a farmland area in northwestern Galicia, Spain. The farmland and oak wood contained the greatest number of species (24 and 17, respectively); the 1 and 4 yr old eucalypt stands contained the fewest species (4 and 6, respectively). Avian density was highest in the oak wood (93 birds/10 ha) and lowest in a heathland site, the 4 and 1 yr old eucalypt stands (26, 13 and 7 bird/10 ha, respectively). The wren was the most widespread and dominant species occurring in all study areas except the 1 yr old eucalypt stand. Mean bird species diversity for the 4 eucalypt stands was significantly lower than mean bird species diversity for the other wooded habitats. The avian communities of the heathlands, maritime pine and eucalypt plantations, in contrast to the oak wood and farmland, show an excessively high dominance of 1 sp. Using avian dominance as a biological index of habitat perturbation suggests that > 1/2 the landscape (4000 km2) in northwestern Galicia is suffering from chronic stress. The newest stress to the avifauna in a long history of land exploitation by man is the importation and cultivation on grand scale of eucalypts. Balancing this tendency, traditional, small-scale farming on the mountainous terrain leads to the development of many tiny parcels whose average size is 0.28 ha; this in turn creates much edge in hedgerow which serves to maintain a relatively rich avian species diversity in farmland.
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