EFFECTS OF RECREATIONAL SCUBA DIVING ON CORAL REEFS - TRAMPLING ON REEF-FLAT COMMUNITIES

1. This study investigated the effects of trampling by scuba divers and snorkellers on reef-flats of coral reefs near Sharm-el-Sheikh, a popular resort in Egypt. 2. There were significantly more damaged coral colonies and loose fragments of live coral in heavily-trampled than in little-trampled areas. Percentage cover of bare rock and rubble was also significantly greater; conversely, numbers of hard coral colonies and total percentage live coral cover were lower. 3. Coral colonies were smaller in trampled compared to control areas, with average height and diameter significantly less in heavily-trampled areas. An area regularly visited by snorkellers exhibited intermediate effects. 4. Coral species composition and the relative abundances of different coral growth forms did not appear to be affected by trampling. 5. Several of the effects detected differed between outer and middle zones of the reef-flat, suggesting that some communities were more vulnerable to trampling than others. 6. In addition to causing biological damage, trampling reduced the aesthetic appeal of the reef-flat for tourists. An effecttive management strategy might therefore be to contain trampling within narrow areas rather than allowing free access by divers.