Output Considerations in Retail Productivity

Three issues are discussed. First there is exploration of the development of the concept of output in studies of retail productivity, suggesting that the paradigm that underpins the study of retail productivity is based on a manufacturing sector-based conceptualization of productivity. Second, some factors are considered that differentiate contemporary views of retail output from those of production sectors of the economy. Thirdly, the relationship between innovation and growth of retail output is explored through changes in the control of the channel and through the creation of retail formulae.