Many sites in the United States are contaminated with explosive and propellent compounds resulting from manufacturing activities at ammunition plants. These contaminants have migrated through the subsurface and have contaminated both soil and groundwater. Explosive contaminant partitioning characteristics are presented as they relate to mobility considerations. Subsequently, treatment technologies under consideration for the decontamination of these sites are reviewed. Existing data is summarized and reanalyzed in light of treatment of explosive-laden sludges. Optimum operating conditions are highlighted. Further research required for investigation and modification of technologies for efficient removal of contaminants is presented.