PHOTOELECTRIC CHARGING OF ULTRAFINE VOLCANIC AEROSOLS - DETECTION OF CU(I) AS A TRACER OF CHLORIDES IN MAGMATIC GASES

被引:16
作者
AMMANN, M
HAUERT, R
BURTSCHER, H
SIEGMANN, HC
机构
[1] ETH ZURICH, SOLID STATE PHYS LAB, CH-8093 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND
[2] SWISS FED LABS MAT TESTING & RES, CH-8600 DUBENDORF, SWITZERLAND
关键词
D O I
10.1029/92JB01870
中图分类号
P3 [地球物理学]; P59 [地球化学];
学科分类号
0708 ; 070902 ;
摘要
Volcanic gases contain ultrafine aerosol particles in the nanometer size range; typical concentrations are 10(5) to 10(6) cm-3. Photoelectric charging of particles (PCP) is an, in situ method for the material specific detection of very small particles in a gas. Field studies at degassing lava flows of Mount Etna, Sicily, and Kilauea, Hawaii, show that the chemistry of the ultrafine aerosols depends strongly on the degassing state of the lava. Heating of a relatively undegassed lava sample in the laboratory reveals the chemical nature of the particles that form by nucleation and condensation in the cooling gas. In the initial stages of degassing, the particles are mainly NaCl and KCl nanocrystals that contain iron oxide and copper chloride. Cu is in the monovalent state, which is stable even in an oxidizing environment due to a redox mechanism with the Fe ions. The fraction of Cu(I) in the aerosols is determined by PCP. The evolution of the Cu(I) fraction is considered an effective tracer of chlorides in the magmatic gases and thereby of magma degassing. The PCP technique allows a fingerprint to be obtained of the magmatic gas by an aerosol measurement in the diluted plume.
引用
收藏
页码:551 / 556
页数:6
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