COMPARISON OF TURBULENCE STATISTICS IN THE SURFACE-LAYER OVER PLANT CANOPIES WITH THOSE OVER SEVERAL OTHER SURFACES

Turbulence statistics, including higher order moments, in the surface layer over plant canopies were compared with those observed over several different surfaces, using a nondimensional height (z - d)/z0: The values of (z - d)/z0extend over a very wide range from 10 over plant canopies to 107 over the ocean. Several properties such as intensities of turbulence and skewness factors show a remarkable height-dependency in the air layer below (z - d)/z0 = 102, which is supposed to be much influenced by the underlying surface. In that layer, some peculiar phenomena, such as a downward energy transport and positive flux of shear stress, are frequently observed. © 1979 D. Reidel Publishing Co.