MAGNESIUM IN MENTAL-ILLNESS

Magnesium is essential for the activation of many enzymes, and its plasma concentration in relation to that of calcium affects nerve transmission and muscle contraction. Magnesium deficiency occurs in conditions associated with impaired intestinal absorption or excessive urinary loss of insufficient intake, especially in those on intravenous therapy. In addition, alcoholism, parathyroid disorders, porphyria, and inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone are also frequently associated with magnesium deficiency. Magnesium deficiency states may manifest in neurologic, cardiovascular, and psychiatric disorders. Dramatic occurrence of acute brain syndromes, in postoperative patients as well as in patients with burns associated with magnesium deficiency, have been noted. Magnesium deficiency has also been implicated in chronic brain syndromes, alcoholic states, depression, and schizophrenia. Another area of importance is the relationship of lithium treatment and magnesium deficiency. In this paper, the association between various psychopathologic states and lithium is reviewed. © 1979.