Aluminium chemistry of the soil solution in an acid forest soil as influenced by percolation rate and soil structure

The predicted activity of Al in the soil solutions of acid forest soils often differs from that observed in the field. We have investigated the influence of soil structure and flow rate of the soil solution on the aluminum release to explain this divergence. Disturbed and undisturbed samples of soil were collected from the A and B horizons of a dystric cambisol at Waldstein (Fichtelgebirge, Germany). The samples were irrigated with solutions mixed according to field data on throughfall or soil solution composition with pH 3.5 with flow rates of 4 mm d(-1), 12 mm d(-1) and 36 mm d(-1). The percolates were analysed for major ions. Resulting relations between pH and pA1 were compared with batch experiments. In neither the A horizon nor in the B horizon did soil structure influence the relation between pH and pA1. The apparent equilibrium between pH and pA1 was described as the pK(app) value with pK(app) = pA1 - a pH (where a is an empirical constant). It was found that the pK(app) values for the column percolates were in the range of variation of those found in batch experiments. Flow rate had no influence on pK(app) at 4 and 12 mm d(-1). At 36 mm d(-1) a significant increase of pK(app) was observed. This relative undersaturation of Al was more pronounced in the A horizon than in the B horizon. When flow is fast Al release into the percolating soil solution might be limited by diffusion.