Combined Pretrauma Scopolamine and Phencyclidine Attenuate Posttraumatic Increased Sensitivity to Delayed Secondary Ischemia

Fasted Wistar rats were given a mild level of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and then subjected to 6 min of transient forebrain ischemia 24 h posttrauma. One group was given simultaneous 1 mg/kg scopolamine and 4 mg/kg phencyclidine intraperitoneally (IP) 15 min before trauma and another group an equal volume of plasmalyte A solution. After 7 days of postinjury survival, placebo-treated rats demonstrated increased posttraumatic vulnerability to secondary ischemie CAI neuronal death even 24 h after trauma. This finding confirmed that increased posttraumatic ischemie vulnerability persists for at least 24 h even following mild trauma. Combined muscarinic receptor and N-methyl-Daspartate (NMDA) receptor coupled ion channel blockade given and present during the mild TBI statistically attenuated this enhanced secondary ischemie CAI neuronal death and thus posttraumatic increased ischemie vulnerability. Placebo-treated rats had 335.3 +/- 93.6 CAI neurons/10(6)mu m(2) and drug-treated rats had 844.8 +/- 184.9 CAI neurons/10(6)mu m(2). This result suggests that muscarinic and/or NMDA receptor-mediated events confined to TBI and the early posttraumatic period are in part responsible for the phenomenon of increased posttraumatic ischemie vulnerability.