TIME AND PROCESS OF SPERM PENETRATION INTO CUMULUS-FREE MOUSE EGGS FERTILIZED INVITRO

Sperm penetration through the zona pellucida and fusion of the sperm head with the vitellus were observed continuously and filmed under phase optics in cumulus‐free living mouse eggs inseminated in vitro with capacitated epididymal sperm. Most spermatozoa penetrated the zona pellucida, traversed the perivitelline space, and fused with the vitellus at an angle nearly perpendicular to the surface. The mean duration required for sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida was 20 minutes with a range of 15–26 minutes. Sperm traversed the perivitelline space in less than one second. The initial contact of sperm with the vitellus generally took place at the tip of the sperm head. When the tip of the sperm head contacted the vitellus there was an immediate reduction in the rate of flagellation, followed by the gradual sinking of the sperm head into the vitellus. Copyright © 1979 Alan R. Liss, Inc.