Hyperthyroid treatment produces rapid cardiac cell hypertrophy with all subcellular components increasing in an orderly manner. We compare normal and hyperthyroid tissue in order to relate changes in distribution of myosin mRNA during rapid assembly of myofibrils. At the light microscopic level, in situ hybridization of the ventricular cells shows myosin heavy chain mRNA to be distributed in a spoke-like pattern radiating from the nucleus. Electron microscopy provides the higher resolution necessary to determine mRNA distribution with respect to adjacent sarcomeric and cytoskeletal structures. Papillary muscles were removed from hyperthyroid and normal rabbits, aldehyde fixed, and embedded in LR white. Biotinated riboprobe transcribed from 0.5 kb in the coding region of terminal portion of the rod of α-myosin was hybridized and detected by immunocytochemical methods using 5 nm immunoglobulin G gold conjugates. Electron microscopy in situ hybridization runs with same-sense and antisense riboprobes were processed and ten micrographs randomly taken from each. Specific cytoplasmic densities of myosin mRNA were calculated by counting clusters of five or more gold particles over respective tissue components after subtraction of background counts. For both normal myocytes and hyperthyroid myocytes, the density of myosin mRNA was about 15 times higher in the cytoskeletal-rich inter-myofibrillar space than in the myofibrils. About half of the myosin mRNA in this inter-myofibrillar region is found within 10 nm of the peripheral filament, but no excess sarcomeric accumulation was seen beside the A-Band. It appears that most of the myosin is translated from mRNA within the inter-myofibrillar space along the entire length of the myofibril periphery. The emerging myosin heavy chain is not directly anchored to the thick filaments in either normal or rapidly growing cardiac cells. © 1991.
