THE TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT SEQUENCE D(CGG)(15) FORMS A HEAT-STABLE HAIRPIN CONTAINING G(SYN)CENTER-DOT-G(ANTI) BASE-PAIRS

TO investigate potential structures of d(CGG/CCG)(n) that might relate to their biological function and association with tripler repeat expansion diseases (TREDs), electrophoretic mobility, chemical modification, and P1 nuclease studies were performed with a single-stranded (ss) oligonucleotide containing (CGG)(15) [ss(CGG)(15)]. The results suggest that ss(CGG)(15) forms a hairpin with the following features: (i) a stem containing G(syn). G(anti) base pairs; (ii) at greater than or equal to 200 mM K+, CGG repeats on the 5' portion of the stem base-paired to GCG repeats on the 3' side (referred to as the (b) alignment); and (iii) heat stability (T-m 75 degrees C in low ionic strength). At less than or equal to 100 mM K+, dimethyl sulfate reactions indicated that the hairpin in the (b) alignment was in equilibrium with another structure, presumably a hairpin in the alternative (a) alignment (CGG repeats on the 5' portion of the stem base paired to CGG repeats on the 3' portion of the stem). Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that the loop region of the (a) alignment contained two guanines stacked on top of one another. The same guanines in the (b) alignment were base-paired in a syn-anti arrangement. We propose that the stability of the loop partially determines the stem alignment.