OFF-FARM LABOR DECISIONS BY ONTARIO SWINE PRODUCERS

The off-farm employment decisions of Ontario swine producers are examined using household production theory. It is determined that human capital and farm characteristics have the largest impact on off-farm labor participation. Increases in education are found to have a larger effect on market earnings than on the marginal value productivity of farm labor. thereby increasing the probability of off-farm employment. The chances are also found to increase with an increase in relative financial obligations as measured by the debt-to-equity ratio. Years of farming experience and farm size have a negative impact on the probability of working off-farm due to their positive relationship with marginal farm labor productivity. The results indicate that the trend to a bimodal farm size distribution will likely continue in the Ontario hog industry. Economic policies designed to increase family farm income may help weather fluctuations in farm income but will have little impact on off-farm employment decisions.