GAS-PHASE POLYMERIZATION - ULTRASLOW CHEMISTRY

被引:35
作者
REISS, H
机构
[1] Univ of California, Los Angeles, CA,, USA, Univ of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
关键词
CLOUD CHAMBERS - GASES - Polymerization - IONS - MONOMERS - VAPORS;
D O I
10.1126/science.238.4832.1368
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
The mechanism of formation of polymer molecules in the gas phase is difficult to study because the involatile polymers tend to condense out of that phase. However, new techniques, involving the use of cloud chambers, have enabled workers to use the nucleation of liquid drops in supersaturated monomer vapors to detect single polymer molecules and therefore to work with so few simultaneously growing polymers that aggregation and condensation are avoided. Chain polymerization in which the chain carriers are either radicals or ions can therefore be studied in the vapor. Furthermore, the ability to work with such small concentrations of growing polymeric radicals, for example, makes it possible to avoid encounters between them that lead to recombination and formation of 'dead' polymers that are incapable of further growth. Many aspects of gas-phase polymerization can be studied including, besides radical and ion chains, especially 'ultraslow' chemistry.
引用
收藏
页码:1368 / 1373
页数:6
相关论文
共 90 条
[1]  
ALLARD LB, 1969, J COLLOID INTERFACE, V30, P81
[2]   STUDY OF THE THERMAL POLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE BY DEPOLARIZED RAYLEIGH LIGHT-SCATTERING SPECTROSCOPY [J].
ALMS, GR ;
PATTERSON, GD ;
STEVENS, JR .
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, 1979, 70 (05) :2145-2154
[3]  
[Anonymous], 1974, HOMOGENEOUS NUCL THE
[4]   ESTIMATION OF THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF A LARGE POLAR MOLECULE AND APPLICATION TO HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEATION OF L-MENTHOL [J].
BECKER, C ;
REISS, H ;
HEIST, RH .
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, 1978, 68 (08) :3585-3594
[5]  
BECKER C, 1980, J CHEM PHYS, V72, P4529
[6]  
Becker R, 1935, ANN PHYS-BERLIN, V24, P719
[7]   STATISTICAL-THEORY OF NUCLEATION, CONDENSATION AND COAGULATION [J].
BINDER, K ;
STAUFFER, D .
ADVANCES IN PHYSICS, 1976, 25 (04) :343-396
[8]  
BOUNDY RH, 1952, STYRENE ITS POLYM CO, P221
[9]  
BREITENBACH JW, 1939, OESTERR CHEM Z, V42, P232
[10]   THERMALLY INDUCED NUCLEATION .2. [J].
BUXBAUM, SP ;
HAQ, ZU ;
KATZ, JL ;
PARTCH, R .
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, 1986, 85 (09) :5207-5211