Review of anatomy and physiology of the terminal ureter. Etiology of primary congenital reflux: discussion of indications for operation, with description of the technic of the antireflux extravcsical plastic operation. Brief description of the mechanisms of primary megaureter, operative indications and surgical technic. Description of surgical procedures for reconstruction of the megaureter in one or several stages, and an analysis of results. The article lias no other goal than the presentation of a very- much condensed and simplified resume of the problems of surgical approach which underlie the treatment of congenital reflux and of megaureter. © 1969 S. Karger AG, Basel.